In a major step toward energy security and technological independence, Japan has begun the world’s first experimental extraction of rare earth metals from the ocean floor. The month-long trial, launched in January 2026, targets high-concentration “rare earth mud” at depths of around 6 kilometers near Minamitori Island, aiming to reduce Japan’s heavy reliance on Chinese supplies for these critical materials used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, smartphones, and defense systems.

On January 12, 2026, the research and mining vessel Chikyu departed port to conduct the pioneering operation. Japan’s deep-sea trial represents the first real-world effort to commercially harvest rare earth elements from deep-sea sediments, which hold concentrations far higher than many terrestrial mines. Driven by strategic necessity amid U.S.-China tensions, Tokyo hopes the deposits could supply Japan’s rare earth needs for decades, shifting the country from near-total importer to self-reliant producer.

The operation uses specialized equipment to lift mineral-rich mud with minimal environmental impact, while researchers closely monitor ecological effects. If successful, Japan could expand seabed mining within its exclusive economic zone, setting a global precedent for other nations seeking access to critical resources in international waters.