Japan's government plans to deploy medium-range surface-to-air missiles on Yonaguni Island, its westernmost outpost just 110 kilometers east of Taiwan, by the end of fiscal 2030. Defense Minister Shinjiro Koizumi announced the timeline Tuesday during a press conference in Tokyo, marking the first specific schedule for the long-discussed buildup.

The Type-03 missiles, also known as Chu-SAM, can intercept aircraft and ballistic missiles, with upgrades to counter hypersonic threats. They offer a range of about 50 kilometers, 360-degree coverage, and the ability to track up to 100 targets while engaging 12 simultaneously. The unit, expected to include around 100 personnel, will be stationed on the eastern side of Camp Yonaguni after facility upgrades. Koizumi noted the timeline could shift based on construction progress, stating, "the timing for the deployment of the medium-range surface-to-air unit may change depending on the progress of future facility improvements, but the current plan is for fiscal year 2030."

Yonaguni, visible from Taiwan on clear days, already hosts about 160 Ground Self-Defense Force members for coastal surveillance and will gain an electronic warfare unit this fiscal year to disrupt enemy radar and communications. The island has evolved into a key military site over the past decade as part of Japan's strategy to fortify its southwestern chain against potential threats.

Plans for the missile deployment date back to 2022, with a related base opening on nearby Ishigaki Island in 2023 housing Type-03 and Type-12 missiles. Koizumi, who visited Yonaguni in November, has argued such measures deter aggression, saying previously, "The deployment can help lower the chance of an armed attack on our country." A briefing for local residents is set for March 2.

The move comes amid escalating tensions in the region, particularly over Taiwan, which China claims as its territory and has threatened to reunify by force. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, in a November parliamentary session, indicated Japan could activate its Self-Defense Forces if Taiwan were attacked, a stance that plunged ties with Beijing to new lows. China has responded with military drills near the islands, export restrictions on Japanese firms, and diplomatic rebukes, previously calling similar plans an attempt to "provoke military confrontation." No immediate reaction from Beijing has emerged to Tuesday's announcement.

Japan's defense enhancements reflect broader concerns over China's military exercises simulating Taiwan blockades and activities in the East China Sea. Takaichi's recent election victory has bolstered efforts to expand capabilities, including against coercion in disputed waters.