Voters in Idaho, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia will decide the future of abortion policy in their states on Nov. 3, with ballot measures that could either expand access or restore restrictions following the Supreme Court’s 2022 decision overturning Roe v. Wade.

Three states are considering measures to establish or strengthen abortion protections, while Missouri voters will decide whether to repeal a constitutional amendment approved in 2024 that protected abortion rights. The results could shape state abortion laws and influence the national debate over the issue.

Idaho

Idaho voters will consider Proposition 1, a statutory initiative that would establish abortion protections through fetal viability, reversing much of the state’s strict abortion ban.

Republican Gov. Brad Little opposes the measure, warning that it would undermine parental consent protections.

“Proposition 1 simply goes too far,” Little said.

Unlike a constitutional amendment, the initiative would not permanently place its protections in the state constitution. Idaho lawmakers could subsequently amend or repeal the law.

Missouri

Missouri voters will decide whether to approve Amendment 3, which would repeal the abortion-rights amendment narrowly approved by 52% of voters in 2024 and restore the state Legislature’s authority to impose restrictions.

The proposal would allow exceptions for medical emergencies, fetal anomalies, rape, and incest, although the exceptions for rape and incest would be limited to the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. The measure would also prohibit gender-transitioning procedures for minors.

Republican Gov. Mike Kehoe and Sen. Josh Hawley support the amendment. Hawley promoted the measure in an Oct. 15 campaign video, arguing that its passage would allow Missouri to restrict late-term abortions and prohibit transgender medical procedures for minors.

Nevada

Nevada voters will decide whether to give final approval to a constitutional amendment protecting abortion access through fetal viability.

More than 64% of voters supported the proposal in 2024, but Nevada law requires citizen-initiated constitutional amendments to win approval in two consecutive general elections before taking effect.

Abortion is currently legal in Nevada through 24 weeks, making the vote a decision on whether to enshrine those protections in the state constitution.

The four contests come as abortion’s importance to voters has shifted since the Supreme Court’s Dobbs decision. An October Pew Research Center survey found that 49% of Democrats considered abortion very important, down from 75% in 2022. Among Republicans, the share increased from 39% to 43%.

Since the 2022 ruling, voters have approved 11 of 14 ballot measures seeking to establish or protect abortion rights, according to Multistate analysis. However, voters rejected abortion-rights expansions in Florida, Nebraska, and South Dakota in 2024, demonstrating that such proposals do not automatically win support at the ballot box.

Virginia

Virginia voters will consider Amendment 1, which would establish a constitutional right to reproductive freedom, including abortion, contraception, and fertility treatments.

Abortion is currently legal through much of pregnancy in Virginia, with additional medical requirements for third-trimester procedures. Opponents argue the proposed amendment could weaken those safeguards by allowing late-term abortions based on one physician’s judgment about a mother’s physical or mental health.

Critics also warn that the amendment’s broad language could threaten parental consent requirements and regulations governing abortion facilities.

The Nov. 3 results will offer another measure of public opinion on abortion policy as states continue to determine the legal boundaries following the end of nationwide constitutional protections under Roe v. Wade.