Deportations have surged under President Donald Trump's second term, with the Department of Homeland Security carrying out roughly 980,000 removals from January 20, 2025, through July 31, 2026, according to a new analysis by the Migration Policy Institute.

The nonpartisan think tank estimated 620,000 deportations on an annualized basis in fiscal year 2025 and projected about 660,000 in fiscal year 2026. That represents a 26 percent increase over the annual average during the prior Biden administration.

Interior enforcement has accelerated. The share of deportations involving individuals arrested inside the country rose from 28 percent in the latter part of 2025 to 39 percent by July 2026. Monthly interior arrests climbed from an average of about 8,000 early in the term to around 19,000 between May and July 2026.

The administration has also seen an all-time high in voluntary departures, with 170,000 individuals opting to leave since Trump took office. Overall, DHS has reported nearly 1.1 million deportations and more than 1.1 million arrests as of early September, alongside broader claims that more than 3 million migrants have departed the country through various means.

These figures exceed those from the Biden years and Trump's first term but remain below historical peaks, such as 1.86 million deportations in fiscal year 2000. The White House has emphasized expanded detention capacity, increased ICE staffing, and cooperation agreements with state and local law enforcement as key drivers of the enforcement gains.

Border encounters have dropped sharply under the current policies, contributing to lower overall numbers compared with earlier peaks while shifting focus toward longer-term residents and interior operations.