The Department of Justice is warning Virginia officials that newly signed gun-control legislation could face federal legal action, escalating tensions between the state and the Trump administration over firearm policy.

Gov. Abigail Spanberger signed the measure, known as SB 749/HB 217, which places restrictions on certain semiautomatic firearms classified under the law as “assault firearms.” The legislation targets a range of rifles and pistols, including those with magazines capable of holding more than 15 rounds.

In a letter made public Friday, Assistant Attorney General Harmeet Dhillon of the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division warned that the law raises serious constitutional issues. She argued that enforcing the measure would require law enforcement to restrict access to firearms that are widely owned and commonly used by law-abiding Americans.

Dhillon said the Justice Department is prepared to seek an injunction if the law is implemented in a way that infringes on Second Amendment protections, urging state officials to reconsider and consult with federal authorities to avoid litigation.

The legislation allows current firearm owners to retain their weapons but makes it a Class 1 misdemeanor to manufacture, sell, transfer, or purchase covered firearms moving forward, carrying potential penalties of up to one year in jail.

Supporters of the law say it is intended to address gun violence and reduce the risk of mass shootings. Critics argue the measure effectively bans a broad category of commonly owned firearms and places unconstitutional limits on lawful gun ownership.

Virginia Attorney General Jay Jones pushed back against the DOJ’s warning, accusing federal officials of misusing the Civil Rights Division and defending the state’s authority to enact public safety measures. He indicated that Virginia is prepared to defend the law in court if necessary.

The legislation is part of a broader package signed by Spanberger that also includes measures targeting so-called “ghost guns,” expanding liability for firearm manufacturers, and restricting access to firearms for individuals convicted of domestic violence offenses.

The dispute sets the stage for a potential legal battle over the scope of gun rights and state authority, as courts continue to weigh similar laws across the country.