A United Nations commission concluded that Russian attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure constitute war crimes and crimes against humanity. The Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine submitted its findings to the UN General Assembly on Monday.

The report determined that Russian authorities carried out the attacks with intent and as part of a state policy to deprive Ukrainian civilians of electricity, heating, and other essential services. It cited official Russian declarations referencing a Ministry of Defence plan and statements from President Vladimir Putin directing strikes on the energy system.

Investigators focused on the cumulative impact of attacks since autumn 2022, with particular attention to the winter of 2025-2026. During that period, temperatures dropped to minus 21 degrees Celsius, leaving millions without reliable electricity, heating, gas, or water for extended periods. Ukrainian authorities reported that thermal power generation capacity fell by as much as 70 percent in the hardest-hit areas.

The commission interviewed 255 people across nine Ukrainian regions and reviewed data from local authorities and medical organizations. It found that the frequency, intensity, and geographic range of drone and missile strikes increased over time, overwhelming repair capabilities and causing prolonged suffering.

Russian commanders knew the targeted heating facilities were indispensable to civilians, especially in winter, according to the report. The panel classified the intentional direction of attacks against civilian objects as war crimes and the infliction of great suffering through a state policy as crimes against humanity.

The commission also examined Russian recruitment of foreign nationals from 29 countries into its armed forces through deception or coercion, though its primary focus remained the energy infrastructure campaign. Attacks have intensified again ahead of the current winter season.

Russia's UN mission responded by accusing the Human Rights Council of ignoring violations committed by Ukrainian forces. The report marks the commission's 12th written update and its fifth submission to the General Assembly.