Senate Democrats on Tuesday advanced efforts to scrutinize Israeli actions in the West Bank by voting nearly unanimously for a resolution that would require the State Department to report on violence against American citizens and broader human rights concerns in the territory.

The measure failed by a 51-47 vote, with all Republicans except Sen. Rand Paul opposing it and all Democrats except Sen. John Fetterman supporting it. The resolution, sponsored by Sen. Chris Van Hollen and others including Sen. Bernie Sanders, sought a report on the killings of nine American citizens by Israeli settlers or security forces in the West Bank since 2022.

If the report had not been delivered within 30 days, it could have led to cuts in U.S. security assistance to Israel. Democratic leaders framed the push as necessary accountability for recipients of U.S. aid.

Separate legislation introduced last week by Sens. Elizabeth Warren, Chris Coons, Ron Wyden, and Ruben Gallego targets sanctions on entities involved in settlement construction in the E1 area of the West Bank. The bill would penalize companies, individuals, and others facilitating development that could bisect the territory and hinder a future Palestinian state.

House Democrats, including Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, have endorsed measures to sanction individuals engaged in settler violence and bar them from the United States. A bill sponsored by Rep. Jerry Nadler has support from 174 House Democrats and is positioned as a priority if the party gains control of the chamber.

These steps come amid rising settler violence in the West Bank and increased settlement activity, including recent tenders for thousands of housing units in the E1 area. Republicans have described the Democratic measures as political targeting of a key U.S. ally.

The developments signal a shift in the party's approach to Israel policy ahead of the November elections.