The U.S. Supreme Court will hear oral arguments October 5 in Suncor Energy v. County Commissioners of Boulder County, a case that could reshape how states pursue damages from energy producers over greenhouse gas emissions.

The dispute centers on lawsuits filed by Boulder County and the city of Boulder against Suncor and Exxon Mobil. Local officials allege the companies' production and marketing of fossil fuels contributed to climate change harms including floods, wildfires, and drought. They seek compensation under state law.

Petitioners argue that federal statutes, including the Clean Air Act, preempt such state claims and that interstate and international emissions issues belong in federal court. The Trump administration filed a brief supporting this position, emphasizing EPA authority over greenhouse gas regulation.

The Colorado Supreme Court allowed the suit to proceed, prompting the companies' appeal. The U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari in February, adding questions on both preemption and jurisdiction.

Oral arguments mark the first case of the Court's new term. A ruling could affect dozens of similar lawsuits nationwide that seek billions from oil and gas firms.

Supporters of the energy industry view the case as a check against piecemeal state regulation that bypasses federal standards and burdens domestic producers. Critics of expansive climate litigation argue it risks economic disruption without addressing global emission sources.

The decision is expected in 2027. Lower courts have seen mixed results in related environmental challenges this term, including stays on certain EPA rules.